Word: oxygenator
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Only a handful of scientists understood what it was all about. The nonscientist simply took the handful's word on faith. It took him 40 years to see the proof that E = mc² means that an ounce of matter-sand, oxygen, uranium-holds within itself as much energy as that given off by the explosion of 875,000 tons of TNT. But in the flash of Hiroshima...
...photosynthesis. If the process could be made more efficient, the world's food supply would take a large jump. Since photosynthesis depends on the energy of sunlight, it stops when a plant is in darkness. In fact it runs backward. A plant respires (breathes) like an animal, absorbing oxygen and giving off carbon dioxide, and biologists have assumed that the plant respires in sunlight, too. No one could prove it, however, because the effect of respiration (CO2 given off) is masked by the effect of photosynthesis (CO2 absorbed). The difficulty of measuring the daytime respiration rate is called "Rabinowitch...
Lillehei and Richard Varco clamped off the great veins carrying the blood toward the heart, inserted a tube, and led the blood out to the input tube of the dog's lung. Inside its cylinder the lung was kept supplied with fresh oxygen. As the boy's blood coursed through the lung tissue, it gave up carbon dioxide and picked up fresh oxygen. Then it fell to the bottom of the cylinder. From the pool that formed there, another tube led the blood to a pump which boosted it back to Patient Richmond's aorta-the great...
...then, Hubbs has rummaged through many ancient heaps of kitchen midden and found many shells of creatures that do not live there any more. Some of them he sent to the University of Chicago to be analyzed in two ways: for carbon 14 to tell their age, and for oxygen 18 to tell the temperature of the water in which they were formed...
...Oxygen 18, a rare, nonradioactive isotope of oxygen, is less abundant in the calcium carbonate of shells formed in warm water than it is in those formed in cold water...