Word: oxygenator
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...first gets meperidine and atropine. In the operating room, needles are placed in the veins, and glucose solution is given (if the heart is especially irritable, procaine as well). Anesthesia proper begins with injections of thiopental and a muscle relaxant of the curare family;* at the same time, oxygen is given by mask. A tube is slipped down the patient's throat, into his windpipe, and he gets his oxygen that way while respiration, pulse and circulation are carefully checked...
...deep. Just after the cheerless dawn, old Professor Piccard, a black Basque beret over his white hair, boarded the Trieste from an Italian navy corvette and climbed down a tube leading to the pressure sphere. His son, Jacques, 30, was already on board, crammed among oxygen bottles, apparatus and 102 instruments, including a movie camera. When the professor closed a massive door, the Trieste was ready to dive. Men from the corvette opened valves, letting sea water into parts of the floater. They scurried aboard their boats, and the Trieste sank gently under the grey...
...inquiry quickly focused on oxygen. At Harvard, experiments with mice proved that too little oxygen at critical stages of fetal development caused a host of abnormalities, including a condition similar to R.L.F. In Melbourne, Australia, Dr. Kate Campbell recalled that R.L.F. had first appeared in Women's Hospital when new incubators were installed and all premature babies began to get liberal doses of oxygen. In Birmingham, England, doctors pointed out that the incidence of R.L.F. rose when premature infants began to get larger and longer doses of oxygen. When oxygen was reduced, the frequency of the disease decreased...
...University of London report on research that goes a long way toward proving Dr. Szewczyk's early guess. Working with kittens (whose eyes, at birth, are similar to the eyes of premature babies), the English scientists kept a record of the aftereffects of exposure to varying amounts of oxygen. Litters of kittens were kept for clays in an atmosphere rich (70% to 80%) in oxygen. At first, their retinal blood vessels shriveled and all but disappeared. Returned to ordinary air, the blood vessels quickly began to grow. They ruptured and spread in uncontrollable disorder-exactly as they...
...every lab worker knows, humans seldom react in exactly the same manner as lab animals. But the English ophthalmologists are hopeful that their preliminary experiments contain some preliminary answers. It now seems more probable than ever that too much oxygen in the incubator, combined with sudden removal to normal air, may cause retrolental fibroplasia in premature children. And too little oxygen in the fetal blood stream may help to bring about the same condition...