Word: oxygenator
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Exquisite Precision. More than pride is involved in the accomplishment of a pinpoint landing. If Intrepid touches down too far from its target crater, Conrad and Bean may not have enough oxygen in their back-up life-support packs for the planned walk to the Surveyor spacecraft. An inaccurate landing would also affect plans for next spring's scheduled Apollo 13 visit to a highlands area near Crater Fra Mauro. Before as tronauts risk landing in such a rugged area, NASA officials must be convinced that a lunar module can be set down on a selected segment...
...upsetting whole ecosystems. It is ubiquitous, appearing unexpectedly in Lake Michigan's coho salmon and even in Antarctica's snows, where it is carried by winds. Some scientists fear that DDT, washed into oceans, may kill off the plankton that supplies 70% of the earth's oxygen...
Records of ancient temperatures are provided by O18, a heavy isotope of oxygen that has 18 neutrons in its nucleus instead of the 16 found in ordinary oxygen atoms. About one of every 500 atoms of oxygen in water is O18, and water molecules containing the heavy isotope will fall from clouds in the form of rain or snow before those with ordinary oxygen atoms. In colder weather, the isotope falls even more rapidly. Thus, by the time that clouds arrive over the site where the ice cores were taken, the ratio of O18 atoms to ordinary oxygen atoms...
...dating each ice layer like growth rings on a tree, the scientists have been able to use the oxygen-isotope ratio to chart yearly variations in weather to depths of 300 ft. Beyond that level, the annual record becomes blurred. But it is still clear enough to let scientists distinguish broad climatological trends. Analysis of the layers showed, for example, that the earth's last ice age began some 70,000 years ago and did not end until about 10,000 years ago. The investigators also made some long-range forecasts. Projecting the established weather pattern, they predicted that...
...hardy new strains of wheat and barley now thrive in the sun-baked Israeli soil. In medicine, its scientists have developed a tiny, magnetic catheter that can travel through human blood vessels to reach the remotest regions of the body. As the world's leading producer of "heavy oxygen," the institute supplies these radioactive isotopes for tracer work to labs around the globe. One of its most ingenious feats was achieved by Biophysicist Aaron Katchalsky, who used synthetic fibers to duplicate the perplexing process by which muscles convert raw chemical energy into mechanical force...