Word: oxygenator
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Scientists have investigated a number of less spectacular alewife "die-offs" in recent years, but they still have conflicting theories about the cause of the phenomenon. Some believe that alewives head for shallow coastal waters in such great numbers every spring that they exhaust the oxygen supply in their immediate vicinity and suffocate. Others suggest that plankton-tiny water plants and animals on which alewives feed-suddenly begin dying just as the fish are crowding into coastal waters in the spring. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Biologist Melvin Greenwood theorizes that the alewives are killed by sudden temperature drops caused...
...secret is liquid air-a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen supercooled to - 318°F. It is pumped into vacuum-insulated Dewar tanks, sophisticated thermos bottles that protect the icy liquid from the warmth of the surrounding water and at the same time keep the diver's back and shoulders from freezing. From the tanks, the liquid air is piped through warming coils that heat it until it expands into breathable gas. Only hazard: since liquid air allows the diver to stay under far longer, he must surface slowly, in stages, to avoid the bends...
...breathing system is called cryogenic scuba, for the science of supercooling, which has been used to fuel spacecraft with liquid oxygen and, in medicine, to freeze everything from ulcers and tumors to tonsils and cataracts. The new scuba rig was pioneered by Jim Woodberry, 23, a Miami diver who has successfully tested a prototype for a total of 400 hours at depths up to 200 ft. He plans to have it on the market before year's end. Anticipated price: $250 to $300 for the apparatus, plus $3.50 for each refill of liquid...
...time accounted for 65% of the nation's raw steel production, has slipped to 25%. Like the rest of the industry, the company has been hurt in recent years by Japanese and European imports, competition from other materials, and belated modernization. As its five spanking-new basic-oxygen furnaces (three more are being built) and its ultramodern continuous-casting operations attest, the company is finally starting to meet the situation headon...
Died. Vice Admiral Charles B. Momsen, 70, U.S. submarine expert and inventor of the Momsen lung for underwater escapes, who in 1928 devised the first successful escape device by rigging a mask to a rubberized bag of oxygen, testing it himself before it became standard equipment on all U.S. subs; of pneumonia; in St. Petersburg...