Word: oxygenator
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...stayed with the violently whirling plane, trying to bring it out of the spin. Only at 6,000 ft. did he give up and eject, parachuting minutes later onto the Mojave Desert with burns on the left side of his face and neck, probably caused by ignition of the oxygen in his mask. The scheduled later assault on the Russian-held world altitude record from ground take-off (113,890 ft.) was scrubbed-and a colleague added an understated postscript to the incident: "The colonel stayed with the plane a little longer than personal safety would have dictated...
...researchers were well aware that any land animal, including man, suffers irreparable brain damage if his supply of circulating oxygen is cut off for more than four or five minutes, and drowns in a few minutes more. But they also knew that any one of several diving birds (loons, grebes, cormorants and "sea ducks") can endure immersion for more than ten minutes. The warmblooded seal can endure under water for more than 20 minutes, and the equally warm-blooded whale can last for an hour, perhaps even two. Scholander's odd experiments were carefully designed to discover...
...More, but Less. The idea that these birds and mammals store up extra oxygen for their endurance dives was exploded long ago. Somehow they manage to survive on less oxygen rather than more. But how? Dr. Scholander soon found out that on submergence in a bathtub the seal's heartbeat is slowed to about one-tenth of its normal rate. This happens so fast that the trigger for the circulatory defense mechanism seems to be psychological rather than physical. Scholander's experiments proved this. A loud, sharp noise produces the same heart-slowing effect on a seal...
...heartbeat is slowed. More significant, the flow of blood through flippers or feet is sharply reduced. So is the flow of blood through intestines and kidneys-everywhere except in the brain, lungs and heart. Even in active swimming, the extremities can get along for a while on stored oxygen, then switch over to using the muscles' store of glycogen, a fuel form of starch that the body can "burn" without oxygen. The brain-lungs-heart assembly gets all the available blood...
...babies' blood. It contains chemicals showing that muscles were burning up starch and turning it into lactic acid during birth. If a birth takes unusually long, the concentration of lactic acid increases; it is a measure of how severely the baby's life has been threatened by oxygen starvation...