Word: oxygenator
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Towed to about 1,000 ft. by powered aircraft, sailplaners strap on their oxygen masks and search the skies for "streets"-chains of puffy cumulus clouds marking the presence of thermals that may rise straight up from 5,000 ft. to 30,000 ft.. and can propel a lightweight glider upward at better than 1,000 ft. a minute...
...determination of the molecular structure of the two oxygen-carriers ranks as one of the most spectacular achievements of molecular biology. Perutz' picture of the "architecture" of hemoglobin, the protein of red blood cells, represents almost 25 years of intensive research and was made possible by his discovery of a new experimental method of X-ray analysis...
...only two proteins have yielded to X-ray analysis of this type--hemoglobin and myoglobin. The latter, which carries oxygen in the muscles, was the first whose structure was determined. Kendrew's model shows it to be a three-dimensional "lace-work of fabulous complexity," devoid of any regular or simplifying features, apart from the alpha-helix...
...most promising method he could find was the "controlled atmosphere" system now in use among apple growers. Stored in sealed, refrigerated warehouses, apples begin to deteriorate, but in the process they use up oxygen. Within two or three weeks there is so much carbon dioxide in the air that the ripening process slows practically to a halt. Trouble is, the controlled atmosphere has to be carefully checked; too much CO2 can also harm the fruit. A second trouble is that once the warehouse is opened to remove a load, the whole process has to be started once more...
Bedrosian went to work on the problem along with some engineers at Whirlpool Corp., more familiarly concerned with manufacturing automatic washers and other home appliances. They built a small generator capable of spitting out just the right amounts of CO2 and oxygen to keep the air in a warehouse ideal for food preservation. With one of Kutty's Tectrol (Total Environmental Control) generators in operation, the storage room no longer has to be sealed. The food-preserving atmosphere is constantly replaced. As a result. Tectrol-treated apples can be kept fresh as long as a year. Apricots, which once...