Word: pacelli
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...Papa, Viva il Papa! shouted the crowds in Rome. They were cheering not only the office, not only a faith, not only the past in which they glory. They were cheering not only the Pontifex Maximus as they have almost always cheered him, but a man. For Eugenio Pacelli, for the past 15 years known as Pius XII, Bishop of Rome and Vicar of Jesus Christ, is a new kind of Pope...
Roman Boyhood. Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli was born in 1876, five years after Communism's first major appearance in Europe, the bloody Paris Commune. The Pacelli family had served the Holy See for two centuries: his father was dean of the Holy See's lawyers. Eugenio, a shy and serious child, was early drawn to religion. With candlesticks, tablecloths and saints' pictures begged from his mother, he played at celebrating Mass. Once, when asked what he wanted to be when he grew up, he answered: "I would like to be a martyr-but without the nails...
...Fisherman's Ring (showing St. Peter fishing from a boat), which had been worn by the dead Pope, had been broken. Torch-bearing guards searched the Apostolic Palace to see that no intruders were present. Then, as Camerlengo (prelate in charge of the Holy See between pontificates), Cardinal Pacelli personally locked the big bronze door. Next day, after the Mass of the Holy Ghost, he marched with 61 other cardinals into the conclave. On 62 throne chairs around the Sistine Chapel, facing Michelangelo's Last Judgment, sat the princes of the Church. One by one, the cardinals advanced...
...fully recovered from his long bout of winter illness, Pope Pius XII was back last week at his hard-working routine. He was up in the morning at 6:30, and often the light in his study above St. Peter's Square was burning at midnight. Yet Eugenio Pacelli, still as slim and erect as a brigadier in the 15th year of his reign, is also in the 78th year of his life, and so, among Rome's churchmen, the talk is of his successor...
Behind the Curtain. Of the 24 new cardinals, whose appointments bring the college to its authorized strength of 70, eleven are Italians. This raises the number of Italian cardinals to 27 (v. an Italian membership of 35 when Eugenic Pacelli became Pius XII in 1939). Three of the new cardinals are from Latin America (Ecuador, Colombia and Brazil), one from Canada. Other non-Italians: two Spaniards, one German, one Irishman (Archbishop D'Alton of Armagh in Northern Ireland) and two Frenchmen, giving France the highest number of cardinals (six) after Italy...