Word: pacificism
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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To try and solve these and other puzzles, many scientists have moved beyond their computer models and headed into the field to collect real data. Last week Martin Ralph, a climatologist with NOAA's Environmental Technology Laboratory in Boulder, Colo., spent 25 hours in a P-3 "hurricane hunter" aircraft...
By trying to unravel the detailed behavior of El Nino, Ralph and dozens of other researchers are furthering a scientific quest that began in the 1920s, when the British meteorologist Sir Gilbert Walker linked swings in atmospheric pressure over the Pacific to a disastrous failure of the Indian monsoon 50...
The way El Nino works, scientists are now convinced, is that high pressure in the eastern Pacific sends trade winds blowing to the West. Because these winds push water before them like an invisible plow, the sea's surface actually measures about a foot and a half higher around Indonesia...
These ripples can be thousands of miles long, but since they travel 100 ft. or more beneath the surface they're hard to detect directly. So scientists use satellites to pick up the subtle undulations in sea level produced as the ripples pass by. That's how NASA oceanographer Anthony...
These subsurface waves explain more than the origin and propagation of El Ninos. They also explain how El Ninos end. When the waves first hit the South American coast, some reflect back, like sound bouncing off a wall. When the reflected waves reach Asia, they rebound again. But this double...