Word: pacs
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...biggest loss, however, is to democracy. The high-cost and questionable financing required for media-age elections and the increased use of negative advertising and independent PAC expenditures has seriously undermined the fairness of our electoral process...
...specifics of such a sweeping reform would have to be ironed out so as to not give an unfair advantage to incumbents, whose increased exposure usually requires less campaigning and expensive advertising. Other reforms that the new Senate can work on include lowering the maximum PAC contribution to candidates, placing greater restrictions on how PACs can independently spend money in support of a given candidate, and urging television stations to provide more free debate time to candidates...
...response to acute infection is also immediate. Like a fire, the incipient infection sets off alarms that alert the immune system to bring out its defensive weapons. It is an awesome arsenal. First, natural killer cells and the Pac-man-like macrophages rush to the scene to gobble up infected cells. After about a week, if this first-tier defense fails to control the threat, says Fields, "you bring out the guided missiles." These are antibodies -- produced by B cells upon the order of helper T cells -- that are custom-designed to home in on certain antigens, distinctively shaped proteins...
Despite growing alarm about the role and power of PACs, cracking down on them amounts to spurning campaign contributions -- something politicians ( hardly ever do willingly. Not unexpectedly, a bill to impose strict limits on PAC participation has languished in Congress for a year. Last week, to the surprise of even the bill's sponsors, the measure emerged and was approved by the Senate, 69 to 30, with its sternest rules intact...
...proposal was co-sponsored by Arizona Republican Barry Goldwater and Oklahoma Democrat David Boren, one of three Senators who accept no PAC funds (the others: Democrats William Proxmire of Wisconsin and John Kerry of Massachusetts). It limits House aspirants to a total of $100,000 in PAC money for each election cycle. Senate candidates could accept from $175,000 to $725,000, depending on the size of their state, and all candidates could take an additional $25,000 if involved in a primary campaign. A PAC could give no more than $3,000 to a candidacy, vs. the current...