Word: pactolus
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...Croesus. The search for Croesus' refinery began when Andrew Ramage, one of the Harvardmen on the expedition, noticed some oddly similar circular depressions in a clay floor near the site of a shrine built to Cybele, the goddess who protected ores and metals. Not far off was the Pactolus Torrent, which once was noted for its gold-rich sands. Moreover, slag similar to that produced in metal smelting rimmed the edges of the depressions. Ramage and his colleagues soon realized that they had stumbled on an ore refinery...
...bank of the gold-bearing river Pactolus, an unusual Byzantine church with many small domes, Roman houses and porticoes with mosaics of animal hunts, and immense system of Roman water-mains, and Persian and Lydian houses span two thousand years of history...
...small room of a Roman villa of the 4th century A.D. "The cleverly interwoven pattern of the mosaic," Hanfmann said, "suggests the highly sophisticated ornamental sense of late Roman interior decorators," To command a view of Sardis, the villa was built high on a cliff above the torrent Pactolus, which once brought gold to the ancient Lydians...
...expedition finished excavating a great Persian stepped monument, perhaps the one referred to by the ancient historian Xenophon as the sepulchre of Abradatas and his faithful wife Pantheia. On the banks of the torrent Pactolus, the archaeologists also uncovered an Early Christian vault with wall paintings of birds and flowers...
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