Word: paidã
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...jury found that Joel Tenenbaum, 25, willfully infringed on the copyrights held by companies including Sony and Warner Bros and awarded the companies $22,500 per song downloaded. The jurors—instructed to decide only the willfulness of Tenenbaum's actions and the amount of damages to be paid??reached their conclusion in about three hours last Friday...
...Moody’s, like rival firms Standard & Poor’s (S&P) and Fitch, Inc., follows a “corporation-paid?? model, in which the corporation issuing a security pays for Moody’s to rate that security. This creates a conflict of interest. Since rating agencies want to keep a steady flow of business, they have good reason to overrate securities and make their customers—the issuers—happy. Indeed, rating agencies in the past have given collaborative feedback to issuers to such an extent, some argue, that their ratings...
...While proposed solutions help fix conflicts of interest, more inevitably arise. A simple alternative would be to return to the “investor-paid?? model that rating agencies followed pre-1968, when S&P began charging issuers for ratings, in addition to the subscription fee they had always collected from investors who used the ratings. Yet, as many firms argue—both in 1968 and in recent months, when the model has again been proposed as a viable solution—relying solely on a subscription service does not bring in enough revenue to allow rating...
...enable investors to “analyze the conditions back of all security values.” Like his future competitors, Moody specifically intended his credit ratings to enable analysis rather than be ends in themselves. Nonetheless, by 1970, when the firm switched to a “corporation-paid?? model, Moody’s ratings had become decisive factors for investors. In fact, by 1970, ratings from Moody’s, S&P, and Fitch had become such an important part of bringing securities to market that Moody’s felt it necessary to capitalize...
...executive director of the Massachusetts Budget and Policy Center. The state currently taxes up to $14,000 of employee income. Margaret Monsell, an attorney at the Massachusetts Law Reform Institute, voiced similar suggestions. “There’s some kind of tension between the amount of taxes paid??which is based on a fairly low number—and benefits received, which in a high wage, high cost-of-living state like Massachusetts is fairly high,” Monsell said. “I think increasing the taxable wage base to reduce the gap between...