Word: painfully
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...Pain is one of the most common reasons that people end up in the doctor's office. And yet, until 1983, the field of pain management did not have its own medical society; today, the specialty still isn't widely taught in medical schools. For centuries, doctors even debated whether eliminating pain was morally acceptable: would it, for instance, defeat God's purpose in condemning Eve's daughters to suffer in childbirth...
Decisions about a patient's pain treatment are now made much more collaboratively, but even in modern times, the process is fraught with moral judgment, stemming largely from the nature of available pain treatments and an incomplete understanding of how to use them. Patients who ask for more pain drugs are eyed as potential addicts; doctors who prescribe pain medications too frequently fear being arrested for it. (See TIME's special report "How to Live 100 Years...
...with about 10% to 15% of Americans, mostly middle-aged or older, suffering from chronic pain severe enough to interfere with daily life, figuring out which pain medications work best - and which are safest - is of crucial interest. That's why researchers have recently been taking a closer look at the class of drugs called opioids, which includes codeine, morphine and methadone - medicine's oldest and most powerful pain medications...
...hydrocodone and acetaminophen) are unfortunately better known for being addictive. While new studies have sharpened the understanding of how opioids work, and clarified their harms, the general question of safety remains complicated. Differences in the age and health of patients, their history of substance misuse, the nature of the pain and patients' sensitivity to certain drugs mean that a miracle drug for one person may be harmful to another. (See the top 10 medical breakthroughs...
...term; over time, they develop a tolerance to the drug, and suffer withdrawal if the drug is abruptly stopped. The point is, they are able to stop taking it eventually. Addiction, however, is defined as the compulsive use of a substance in spite of negative consequences: addicted patients whose pain symptoms have been resolved still can't quit taking the drug...