Word: pakistan
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Semantic Upkeep. Britain has stayed busy supplying semantic changes to keep pace with events. India and Pakistan, both republics, became members of the monarchical Commonwealth on condition that they acknowledge the Crown as "Head of the Commonwealth." At a London Conference in 1949 the assembled Prime Ministers issued a communique that began with a reference to "the British Commonwealth" and ended with a declaration of unity by the "free and equal members of the Commonwealth." It was no accident that the adjective "British" vanished in transit. Lester ("Mike") Pearson, then Canada's External Affairs chief, recalls...
...Members may declare a republic or elect a king of their own (as in Malaya). Ghana feels free to consider federating with Guinea, a former colony of France. Without consulting other members, Commonwealth nations may go to blows with outsiders (Britain v. Egypt) or with each other (India v. Pakistan over Kashmir). Britain welcomes almost any citizen of the Commonwealth to its shores. But Australia and Canada virtually exclude nonwhites, and Ghana and Nigeria forbid white men to own land...
...Commonwealth's democratic ideals are also freely smashed. South Africa refuses the vote to the 80% of its citizens who are colored. Commonwealth nations have jailed members of their own Parliaments, suppressed newspapers, and in one case (Pakistan) abolished Parliament, deported the President, and imposed military rule. Said a British professor: "About the only thing we can't stand is being beaten by one of them at cricket...
...Loans are easier to get in prosperous Britain (see BUSINESS) than in New York, for British bankers are familiar with the problems of such places as Accra and Lagos and Colombo. Tariff preferences and unity in the sterling bloc is another bond (but Canada is a dollar area); India, Pakistan, Malaya and Ghana all keep their balances in London vaults...
BRITISH SCHOOLING. Ceylon's Prime Minister Solomon West Ridgeway Dras Bandaranaike was a fellow student of Anthony Eden at Oxford; India's Nehru and the King of Buganda went to Cambridge. Pakistan's boss, General Mohammed Ayub Khan, was trained at Sandhurst, Britain's West Point, as was India's Chief of Staff, General Thimmaya. Every fourth cadet on parade at Sandhurst is dark-skinned. Nyasaland's rabble-rousing Dr. Hastings Banda got his postgraduate medical education at Edinburgh, Kenya's Tom Mboya went to Oxford, Ghana's Nkrumah to the London...