Word: pakistanis
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...decades, a succession of Pakistani military leaders have made it a point to support, finance, equip and train Islamist militants to conduct terrorist operations in India. The logic is clear: it is more cost-effective to bleed India from within than to challenge it through more conventional military means. Kashmiri militancy against Indian rule has been fomented and supported by Pakistan, though India's own domestic problems--including the occasional eruption of Hindu-Muslim clashes, notably a 2002 pogrom against Muslims in the state of Gujarat--offered a crucial opportunity to recruit disaffected Indian Muslims to the cause of violence...
...rescinded when the army refused to accept the order. And when, in the wake of the Mumbai bombings, Zardari acceded to the request of Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh to send the head of the ISI to India to assist Indian authorities in their investigation, the Pakistani military again forced the civilian government into a humiliating climb down. (See pictures of Pakistan's vulnerable Northwest passage...
...exactly keen on cooperating with an investigation into the massacre. The Mumbai attacks bore many trademarks of the extremist groups based in Pakistan, notably the Lashkar-e-Taiba, which in the past has benefited from the patronage of the ISI. Whether the Pakistani military is orchestrating the violence or merely shielding its perpetrators, tensions with India are rising dangerously...
Zardari, Benazir Bhutto's widower, realizes that India's enemies in Pakistan are also his own: the very forces of Islamist extremism responsible for his wife's assassination were behind the September bombing of Islamabad's Marriott Hotel. The militancy once sponsored by the Pakistani military as a foreign policy tool now threatens to abort Pakistan's sputtering democracy. There has never been a stronger case for firm and united action by the governments of both India and Pakistan to cauterize the cancer in their midst...
Such an outcome is not as implausible as it sounds. Rarely has a Pakistani government been more inclined to pursue peace with India. Zardari has been pushing for greatly expanded trade and commercial links and the liberalization of the restrictive visa regime between the two countries. Indeed, his Foreign Minister was in New Delhi for talks on these issues when the terrorist assault occurred. Zardari had also begun winding down his government's official support for Kashmiri militancy and had announced the disbanding of the ISI's political wing. When he went so far as to propose a "no first...