Word: papal
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Prior to 1870 Rome and the Papal States were governed by the Vatican. The final act of the risorgimento (resurrection of the Italian State) was the forcible occupation of Rome (Sept. 20, 1870) by the troops of King Vittorio Emanuele I. Since that time the Popes have considered themselves prisoners in the Vatican, and have steadfastly refused to accept the annual appropriation of revenues, equivalent to their former revenues from the Papal States, granted them by the Italian Parliament. The King was excommunicated and all good Catholics forbidden to take part in national elections...
...nature of Fascism's aims. There was a good bit of cordial cooperation accomplished secretly. Filippo Cremonesi, Royal Commissioner appointed by Mussolini to succeed the Mayor of Rome, paid a call on Cardinal Pompili, Vicar of Rome, the officer whose predecessors had once ruled the city under the Papal States. His call was returned noncommittally (TiME, March 24, 1923). The Fascisti restored religious education in the public schools. In return for these many favors, the Vatican helped Mussolini to break the power of little Don Sturzo, and the Catholic Partita Popolare, leaving the Fascisti the only real political party...
...Master of the Papal Household (Mgr. Caccia-Dominione) presents to His Holiness the list of audiences for the next...
...obverse of the medal will show Pius XI and tiara; the reverse, the K. of C. Gymnasium and Playground erected on Vatican land at St. Peter's. It is the first Papal medal ever struck for an American organization...
...Captain Klemann, commanding the U. S. S. Pittsburgh; Lieutenant Commander King and Lieutenant Hunter. Father Burke, Vice Rector of the American College in Rome, formerly a naval chaplain, made the presentations. The Pope expressed pleasure at the visit, hoped that the fleet would have a successful cruise, gave the Papal benediction...