Word: papally
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...leader of some 700 million Roman Catholics. As the Cardinals of the church filed forward to pay him homage, he spoke warmly, and often at length, with each, disregarding the presence of television cameras. The most electric moment came when Poland's Stefan Cardinal Wyszynski knelt to kiss the papal ring. John Paul lifted his stern old mentor to his feet, embraced him, then kissed the Polish primate's own ring...
...Peter was born Nicholas Breakspear in humble circumstances. As Adrian IV (1154-59), he adroitly played off the grasping Byzantines, the ambitious Emperor Frederick Barbarossa and the obstreperous Romans. The sole Portuguese Pope had a brief pontificate: John XXI (1276-77) was killed when the ceiling of the papal palace in Viterbo collapsed...
...Italy's city-states were being ravaged by imperialist-republican quarrels, and the papacy went into exile in Avignon, part of a papal fief on the borders of France. Not unjustly, the exile of the papacy was called the "Babylonian captivity": the avarice and corruption of the papal court was unequaled even in the days of the Medicis and Borgias. Seven French Popes resided at Avignon before Gregory XI (1370-78) finally returned the papal seat to Rome...
...movement. But his confession of ecclesiastical errors and call for reform at Nuremberg in 1522 antagonized the German bishops almost more than Luther did-and anyhow came too late. When the Pope died virtually unmourned after a pontificate of 20 months, someone hung laurels on the door of the papal physician who had failed to save his life. For 455 years after that, Adrian's disastrous tenure cast a "Dutch curse" over the possibility of another non-Italian Pope...
Alone among European Communist countries, Yugoslavia has an ambassador to the Holy See, and there is a papal nuncio in Belgrade-although Roman Catholics are outnumbered by members of the Orthodox churches. The Vatican is free to appoint bishops of its choice, including several who have been political prisoners. A Catholic press publishes missals, books and journals, with the proviso that they have no political content. (The government worries particularly about nationalist sentiments among the predominantly Catholic Croats.) Yugoslav Christians are relatively lucky. In 1967 neighboring Albania proclaimed itself the world's "first atheist state," and little has been...