Word: papanicolaou
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Probably no man has done more to save lives threatened by cancer than Greek-born Dr. George N. Papanicolaou. 76, of Cornell University Medical College, who devised a test for cancer of the uterus and cervix by smearing mucous secretion on a glass slide and examining the stained cells under a microscope. The "Pap smear" is nc' done routinely in hundreds of U.S. laboratories, for an estimated total of 3.000,000 tests a year-most of them for healthy women wisely having regular examinations. Vast ingenuity has gone into extensions of the Pap test: aerosols to make a smoker...
...years ago, cancer was detected by the crude method of waiting for an obvious malignancy to appear. Then Dr. George Papanicolaou of Cornell University Medical College devised his revolutionary method of early detection: smearing body secretions on glass slides for microscopic study of cells. In thousands of doctors' offices, the now standard Papanicolaou technique is to stain cells with polychrome dyes. Seen in the visible spectrum of light, the dyes readily emphasize the structure of malignant cells...
...technique is the exceptional clarity that acridine orange gives to a malignant cell: it glows sharply in a field of normal cells. When the Army team tested 4,995 cervical and vaginal smears with acridine orange, they detected 171 "suspicious" cases compared to 156 in a retest by the Papanicolaou technique. When they later did biopsies on nine of the 15 Papanicolaou "negatives," they found cancer in seven cases. This does not necessarily mean that the new method is more accurate. But it can definitely speed up cancer screening. At Walter Reed, cell-smear staining with acridine orange now takes...
...history was bad -a Latzko Caesarean section for Bandl's ring and toxemia-and we found a hydatid of Morgagni then. On pelvic examination, Skene's ducts were normal, but the left Bartholin gland was slightly enlarged. Chadwick's sign was positive. A Papanicolaou smear was negative. Her Aschheim-Zondek was positive...
Oddly, the two most familiar of Dr. Speert's great names are among the earliest and latest: Gabriele Falloppio (circa 1523-62), who vividly described the oviduct as uteri tuba, or trumpet of the uterus, and George Nicholas Papanicolaou, 75, whose technique for detecting early cancer by smearing vaginal secretions on glass slides for microscopic study of cells has become, since 1943, standard procedure in thousands of doctors' offices...