Word: paper
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...consequence of all of this, literature from the 19th and much of 20th century--from the great works down to pulp fiction--was printed on rapidly decaying paper...
...18th century, a crisis shook the paper-making industry because cotton rags became extremely scarce. In the 19th century, mills turned to making paper from wood instead...
...scientists had determined the problem and began treating the wood to remove the lignin, but in the process they often reintroduced other decants and acids. In the '50s and '60s, paper was sized-smoothed out for writing--with acidic salts--another decant. It was not until the 70s that mills were reengineered to manufacture alkaline paper, which, like paper made from cotton rags, has an extremely long life...
...toxic and explosive and extremely expensive" chemical treatment, which individually stabilizes the paper in each book, according to Michael McCormick, who is on the Library Committee...
Every library that stores materials printed on acid paper--every library at Harvard--needs climate control, which means many of them will need large scale environmental upgrades and renovations like Widener's, she says...