Word: parkes
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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Your article on Leonardo DiCaprio's filming of The Beach in Thailand's Khao Yai National Park [CINEMA, March 1] was one-sided. You showed an absolute disregard for the environmental issues raised by concerned groups. I am sorry DiCaprio may have had his reputation damaged. However, once he and the film crew are gone, will the precedent they set by filming in a national park make future projects there much more palatable, thus endangering the fragile balance inherent in coastal environments? LISA BEAVERS Misawa, Japan...
...Alice Park...
...while this electronic brain, as headline writers called it, took the spotlight, ENIAC had a lot of unsung rivals, many of them shrouded in wartime secrecy. At Bletchley Park, Alan Turing built a succession of vacuum-tube machines called Colossus that made mincemeat of Hitler's Enigma codes. At Harvard, large, clattering electromechanical computers in IBM's Mark series also did wartime calculations. Even the Germans made a stab at computing with Konrad Zuse's Z electromechanical computers, the last of which was the first general-purpose computer controlled by a program...
Turing, on the basis of his published work, was recruited to serve in the Government Code and Cypher School, located in a Victorian mansion called Bletchley Park in Buckinghamshire. The task of all those so assembled--mathematicians, chess champions, Egyptologists, whoever might have something to contribute about the possible permutations of formal systems--was to break the Enigma codes used by the Nazis in communications between headquarters and troops. Because of secrecy restrictions, Turing's role in this enterprise was not acknowledged until long after his death. And like the invention of the computer, the work done by the Bletchley...
...newly created mathematics division of the British National Physical Laboratory offered him the opportunity to create an actual Turing machine, the ACE or Automatic Computing Engine, and Turing accepted. What he discovered, unfortunately, was that the emergency spirit that had short-circuited so many problems at Bletchley Park during the war had dissipated. Bureaucracy, red tape and interminable delays once again were the order of the day. Finding most of his suggestions dismissed, ignored or overruled, Turing eventually left the NPL for another stay at Cambridge and then accepted an offer from the University of Manchester where another computer...