Word: parkinsonism
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...intelligence we are creating is both derivative of and an extension to our human intelligence. We are already placing today's generation of intelligent machines in our bodies and brains, particularly for those with disabilities (e.g., cochlear implants for the deaf) and diseases (e.g., neural implants for Parkinson's patients). By 2030 there will be ubiquitous use of surgery-free neural implants introduced into our brains by billions of "nanobots" (i.e., microscopic yet intelligent robots) traveling through our capillaries. These noninvasive neural implants will routinely expand our mind through direct connection with nonbiological intelligence...
...reaction isn't surprising among contentious sci-fi fans (ask Patrick Stewart and Kate Mulgrew). But The X-Files isn't the only series of a certain age adding a prominent new face and taking a prominent risk. After losing nice guy Michael J. Fox, who's fighting Parkinson's disease, ABC's city-hall sitcom Spin City added bad boy Charlie Sheen. On NBC's Law & Order, Dianne Wiest takes over from Steven Hill, who was the show's savvy, world-weary district attorney for 10 years. Law & Order, driven more by taut crime tales than characters, has gradually...
...neurotransmitter dopamine ranks among the most powerful of the brain's master molecules. A regulator of mood and movement, it plays a principal role in Parkinson's disease, drug addiction and schizophrenia. For years after its discovery in 1910, however, scientists considered dopamine merely a stepping-stone to the more powerful compound noradrenaline...
Carlsson's mice, in other words, resembled human patients with Parkinson's disease--and L-dopa, the dopamine-boosting compound he used to restore normality to the mice, soon emerged as the frontline treatment for Parkinson...
...REST OF US: When nerves in the brain can't communicate with one another, physical as well as psychiatric problems can arise. Carlsson and Greengard were instrumental in identifying the role of dopamine (a key brain chemical) as a transmitter, a discovery that has led to new treatments for Parkinson's and schizophrenia. Kandel's research showed that changing the speed of inner-brain transmissions can have profound effects on both short- and long-term memory...