Word: parliament
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Federal institutions are created: the President of the Republic, a Senate composed of delegates of the Republic's Parliament and of the member states' legislatures, and a Court of Arbitration...
...control of the civil service and of the armed forces, as well as the definition of policy, remain the attributes of the cabinet. The Premier is selected by the President, but this was already the case under the last two Republics, and the Premier cannot operate without Parliament's support...
...Parliament Could By-pass Barriers...
First, with regard to the relations between Parliament and the government, many of the barriers erected in order to contain the former can probably be by-passed. Comparable devices introduced by the Constitution of 1946 have proved useless. To be sure, they were much less daring, but they had appeared very impressive in 1946. Unruly parties find all too easily ways of overthrowing cabinets without resorting to the difficult procedure of motions of no confidence...
...Constitution creates a "Constitutional Council" whose task will consist of reviewing the constitutionality of laws and of Parliament's standing orders. But this Council will not be a very big obstacle to a reassertion of Parliament's supremacy, if such a reassertion takes the form of unwritten customs and trusts, as it did in the past...