Word: particularized
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...Armtec, a manufacturer of electronics used in radar systems. Since Unisys is Armtec's main customer, the action forced the company to shut down its operations. Federal agents are investigating Armtec as a possible conduit for illegal payments from Unisys employees to federal officials involved in arms procurement. In particular, the Government is studying the relationship between Unisys, Armtec and Congressman Bill Chappell Jr., a Florida Democrat ^ who is chairman of the House Appropriations Committee's subcommittee on defense. Chappell persuaded Armtec to locate in his district and supported the MK-92 radar system, which is built by Unisys with...
ELLWOOD'S book provides a corrective to many of the current myths, liberal and conservative, about why welfare doesn't work. In particular, he pleads the case for understanding the poor as a part of mainstream American society, and not the ghettoized, isolated group that it is often perceived to be. Less than 10 percent of American poor live in the ghettos, as Ellwood reminds his readers...
Instead of programming a neural-network computer to make decisions, its maker trains it to recognize the patterns in any solution to a problem by repeatedly feeding examples to the machine. The computer responds to each example by randomly activating its circuits in a particular configuration. The trainer electronically reinforces any connections that produce a correct answer and weakens those that produce an incorrect one. After as many as several thousand trials, the computer activates only those circuits that produce the right answer. "It works just like a kid," says Farrokh Khatibi, senior product manager at AI Ware...
Critics say that at any given time, Nomura pushes a few particular stocks, which invariably rise in value. The problem is that Nomura's decision to boost a stock becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy. For that reason, Nomura is sometimes accused of manipulating the market...
...Jacques Benveniste, a laboratory head at the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research. The initial findings were apparently reproduced by scientists in France, Canada, Israel and Italy. Nonetheless, the report was accompanied by an editorial by Editor John Maddox that was almost apologetic. "There are good and particular reasons," he wrote, "why prudent people should, for the time being, suspend judgment." Last week Nature forthrightly rejected the idea of water with a memory and relegated it to the deep freeze, along with other intriguing scientific "discoveries" that have not panned out under scrutiny...