Word: parts
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...economic drive is pushing it toward center stage." Most experts agree. "The American century is over," says Clyde Prestowitz, a former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Commerce in the Reagan Administration and author of Trading Places: How We Allowed Japan to Take the Lead. "The big development in the latter part of the century is the emergence of Japan as a major superpower...
...Part of the problem is that Japan has never articulated an exportable ideology, such as democracy or Communism. As a homogeneous island people who were long cut off from other nations, the Japanese have an almost tribal sense of their own identity. "Japan has never had a foreign policy," observes John David Morley, an expert on Japan and author of Pictures from the Water Trade. "It has had wars, it has colonized parts of Asia, but apart from that its experience in dealing with other nations is still very primitive." Nor have many older Japanese been free of an attitude...
...swept by debate over the merits of kokusaika, or & internationalization. Book after book on Japan's future rolls off the presses and is stacked up in bookstores in attractive displays. Coffee shops, homes and office towers are beginning to ring with talk of new ideas. The discussions are part of a consensus-building process called nemawashi, whereby all sides of an issue are aired. Only then can agreement be reached on the proper course of action. Once the Japanese make up their minds, though, they can move very fast. The country's astonishing growth since World War II resulted from...
...that has meant funneling funds into foreign aid. Tokyo reasons that it can increase global security by redistributing part of its wealth. "Economic aid is security aid," concurs Gaston Sigur, U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs. The giving also reflects a Japanese effort to make up for past omissions. "We do believe that we have not done enough over the years," says Ryuichiro Yamazaki, a Foreign Ministry official. Of course, like most aid donors, Japan does well by doing good: people with money in their pockets will spend it on their products...
...strayed far from that guideline; the 1988 defense budget accounts for 1.013% of GNP. The U.S. Congress voted overwhelmingly last year to urge Japan to triple its defense spending, to 3% of GNP. The idea appeals to many Americans: the U.S. spends about 6% of GNP on defense, and part of that goes to protecting Japan from possible nuclear and conventional attacks. But Carlucci said in Tokyo that he saw no need for "dramatic leaps" in Japanese defense spending. He added: "I would not know how to tell them how to spend it within the roles and missions we have...