Word: pasha
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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Apocryphal or not, Egyptians say this story explains why Farouk has no love for the British, why last week pro-British Prime Minister Sirry Pasha was ousted and the Government turned over to Farouk's old enemy. Nahas Pasha, and his rabidly nationalistic WAFD Party. Officially the crisis was caused by El-Azhar University student riots (and Farouk's anger at not being informed) when diplomatic relations were broken with Vichy. But the basic causes for the changes in the Government were more deeply rooted...
...Prime Minister and Military Governor, Nahas Pasha promised the ragged fellahin (peasants) and lower-middle-class shopkeepers in his Party that "draconic measures would be taken against rabble-rousers." Having protested against "the horrors of war" in already embattled Egypt, in the next breath, he promised the British strict adherence to the 1936 Anglo-Egyptian Pact (making Egypt and Britain wartime allies) which Nahas Pasha, accompanied by the wealthy, plump young bride he married late in life, signed personally in London. This done, he called an election, remembering that in 1937, Farouk's electioneers had slugged and cheated...
...days before Christmas, in a chill grey dawn, a German firing squad lined up on the grounds of France's fort, Vincennes. Here the French had executed famed spies Mata Hari and Bolo Pasha in World War I. But the German guns barked at no enemy spies. Executed were four German officers (two colonels, a major, one of undesignated rank). Since Dec. 1 the Germans had found it necessary to shoot 100 of their soldiers for mutiny. It would take a long time for disaffection to weaken the mighty German Army, but the spirit was spreading...
When Peake Pasha resigned command of the Arab Legion in 1939, Glubb took the whole force over. By World War II's outbreak, with the assistance of four English officers, he had formed the most potent Arab fighting force of the 20th Century. With some armored cars and Chevrolets carrying machine guns, Major Glubb organized his 5,000 Arabs into a desert blitzkrieg unit...
They know him, first, as a great soldier who fought in the Balkan and First World Wars, then helped Kamâl Atatürk to drive the Greeks out of Turkey in 1922. At the village of Inönü, near Eskisehir, Ismet Pasha broke the Greeks' resistance. When Kamâl Atatürk ordered all Turks to take family names he asked his great friend to call himself Inönü. Ismet means Chastity...