Word: pasteur
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...occasion was somewhat marred by the claims of a French researcher, Dr. Dominique Stehelin, that he deserved at least part of the prize. Stehelin, who assisted in the UCSF study but is now at the Pasteur Institute in Lille, France, called his omission "very unfair and rotten." But others who were present at the time of the original experiments said that Stehelin, though a key member of the research team, nevertheless worked under the supervision of Varmus and Bishop. The Nobel Committee stood by its decision...
...Louis Pasteur, a French microbiologist, concocted a vaccine against chicken cholera after discovering that weakened cholera organisms, while incapable of making chickens sick, would immunize them against the malady. Pasteur, who is credited with founding the science of immunology, went on to create a human rabies vaccine from the brains of rabies-infected sheep and rabbits...
Building on Pasteur's work, 20th century scientists have learned to mass- produce bacteria and viruses, then weaken or kill them and use them as the major ingredient in vaccines for such varied diseases as typhus, yellow fever, influenza, polio, measles and rubella. Unfortunately, the vaccines occasionally cause the disease they are designed to ward off. (Reason: the "killed" viruses sometimes survive, while the weakened versions often fail to cause an immune response.) In general, however, the vaccines have been quite effective; in recent years the National Academy of Sciences has reported only a handful of polio and diphtheria cases...
Shilts contends that as part of the Administration's efforts to distract attention from its inadequate financing and poor leadership, the U.S. Government "brazenly" conspired to steal credit for discovering the AIDS virus from researchers at France's Pasteur Institute. He dismisses as a myth the competing claim of Robert Gallo of the National Cancer Institute and, quoting U.S. researchers, strongly implies that Gallo stole the French strain and presented it as his own, a charge Gallo denies. Shilts labels as a "pleasant fiction" a 1987 U.S.-French political accord that settled lawsuits and deemed Gallo and France...
...every pint of blood in the nation's reserves for the AIDS virus. The hugely successful effort, which costs more than $50 million annually, has rendered negligible a once ominous threat to recipients of blood transfusions. But the convention proceedings got a jolt when Dr. Luc Montagnier of Paris' Pasteur Institute informed the assembly that an AIDS virus called LAV-II, whose presence in two West Africans was announced last spring, has now been found in Western Europe. According to Montagnier, LAV-II does not necessarily show up in screening procedures for the original AIDS virus, and tests may have...