Word: pasteurella
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...maintain trading empires or other commercial interests, protectionism, inability to adapt to changing economic conditions and intolerance toward minority groups, which encouraged merchant families or religious minorities to leave. And there has been another, frequently overlooked agent of urban decline: disease. For example, the Black Death, caused by the Pasteurella pestis, reappeared in Europe in 1346 when the port city of Kaffa was besieged by the Mongol leader Kipchak khan Janibeg, who catapulted dead bodies into the city (the first recorded case of biological warfare). The plague quickly spread to all Mediterranean port cities and European trading centers, reducing Europe...