Word: patent
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...board, but only 320 times on the Maltron. Secretaries in a Maltron test sponsored by the British government found it takes about a month to convert to the new system. Most enjoyed it. "Your fingers don't ache," said Julie Stevens, 18, who makes her living copying complex patent applications. The Maltron keyboard's main problem is simple entrenched inertia. Manufacturers all make the QWERTY, and millions of typists around the world know it. So nobody, so far, seems inclined to retool-or become obsolete, even for a month...
Though Genentech was the most prominent of the new biotechnology firms to go public, it is only one of many contenders in this rapidly expanding business, which got a strong boost last year by the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling that new life forms are patentable. (The first gene-splicing patent was for Boyer and Cohen's work.) Nor is Boyer, who remains at the University of California, the only academician with commercial ties. In 1980 dozens of scientists signed up with gene-engineering firms...
...present, many universities grant licenses to private companies to use their discoveries in exchange for royalty payments. Over the years, the Procter & Gamble Co., makers of Crest toothpaste, paid Indiana University more than $2 million because Indiana held a patent on stannous fluoride. The novel element in Bok's proposal was the idea that universities could make more money by cutting out the middleman and sharing directly in the equity of their own product-development companies. As costs rise throughout higher education, commercial temptations will grow, and the search for ways to turn campus research into cam pus revenue...
...company executives insist that their product represents "a serious effort by serious people to produce a new bird for which there is a genuine need." Americans, who put away 4 billion chickens a year, may be able to test that claim soon: Buxted has applied for a U.S. Churkey patent...
...venture like the DNA company proposal, provided the University would not own stock in the firm. Although this type of arrangement would not link Harvard and a Faculty member as shareholding business partners, the University would still receive a share of the company's profits in exchange for its patents and it would still confront as yet unresolved academic conflicts. Before the Corporation ventures farther into the mixed-up world of patent development, DNA technology and Faculty moonlighting, it must consider these issues. Unless University groups continue to discuss the unanswered questions raised by consideration of the DNA company...