Word: patenting
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...Supreme Court ruled that a human-made microorganism qualified as patentable matter. The same year, Congress passed the Patent and Trademark Amendment Act, allowing universities to receive patents directly, license patent rights and collect royalties on inventions from federally-funded research without seeking waivers from federal agencies...
...Wurtman says that since MIT did not patent the drug, no one else was allowed to do so, since only inventors can patent a product. A consequence of the lack of a patent, Wurtman says, was that no one could perform safety studies on the amino acid...
Jawak wore a strapless, shiny dress that was tight and colorful, yet not garishly bright. Completing his ensemble was a pair of patent leather pumps and a huge pendant earring...
...could bottle this stuff, someone would already hold the patent," Kishlansky said...
...contributing to the local economy. Some critics charge that demand from Grace's plant is the cause of a recent jump in neem-seed prices that has driven some small farmers out of business, but that is difficult to prove. And while India will eventually have to change its patent laws as a member of the World Trade Organization under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, that still wouldn't keep farmers from using neem seeds in traditional ways...