Word: patently
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...cream is American by right of conquest, however. George Washington owned a gadget for making ice cream. Thomas Jefferson loved it. An American woman named Nancy Johnson invented the hand-cranked, rock salt-and-ice freezer in 1846, although she neglected to patent the machine. Robert M. Green, a Philadelphia visionary, gave the world the ice-cream soda in 1874. The ice-cream cone was the hit of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition of 1904 in St. Louis. Christian Nelson, an Iowa candy-store proprietor, thought up chocolate-covered ice cream in 1919 but got nowhere until Russell Stover...
Under the Du Pont and Hoechst agreements, the grant recipient still retains the patents for discoveries made with corporate funds, but the companies are given exclusive licenses to develop and market any products that result. One concern described in an interview by Doris Merritt, a research and training resources officer at NIH, is that private benefactors will pressure scientists to hold off on patenting their innovations--keeping them secret--until the discoveries "are fine-tuned and ready to be sold." In what has become a widely quoted warning, Merritt told the NIH conference. "Publish or perish doesn't need...
Created by the University in the mid-1970s to help patent and copyright their discoveries and inventions, the CPC has evolved into an organ that spends 90 per cent of its time on technology transfer, Atkinson says...
...public service was the beacon of the University's patent policy, it was clearly not the incentive that had originally attracted Harvard to the Ptashne case. Despite this discrepancy, the administration first introduced the Faculty to the DNA company proposal in a nine-page, single-spaced discussion memo prepared by Daniel Steiner '54, general counsel to the University, and entitled, "Technology Transfer at Harvard University." Beginning with some talk of technology transfer in general, the memo equated the process with the specific Ptashne venture. Ending with a list of pros and cons concerning the proposal, the memo reinforced a widespread...
Technically, the Ptashe case did involve the concept of "technology transfer," a buzzword indicating the process by which discoveries and inventions made in university laboratories are brought to the marketplace. The clarification of federal patent regulations in recent years has given universities the incentive to ferret out potential patents and to license them to developers. Toward this end, Harvard established a Committee on Patents and Copyrights (CPC), which began work in 1977 under the chairmanship of Henry C. Meadow, dean for planning and special projects in the Faculty of Medicine, and which, according to executive director Stephen H. Atkinson...