Word: patents
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...reach an optimal leanness, then stop losing weight. The pattern of weight loss is also encouraging. For unlike extreme calorie restriction, which can weaken muscle, leptin appears to dissolve fat while leaving lean tissue intact. On the basis of such data, Amgen (which paid Rockefeller University $20 million for patent rights to make products based on the ob gene) has announced that it hopes to begin conducting human trials as early as next year...
...consumer's health and well-being are not, of course, the only factors at stake in these decisions. SmithKline lost its patent protection for Tagamet last year; Merck's exclusive rights to Pepcid end in 2000; and Glaxo's claim to Zantac expires in 2002. By law, any company that switches to an over-the-counter preparation of its product enjoys a three-year monopoly before other firms are allowed to manufacture a generic version. All three companies are planning to use the time to establish name recognition and brand loyalty among consumers...
...study, which was published early this month in Nature medicine, was funded by Sheffield Medical Technologies, Inc., which has obtained a patent to use Clotrimazole in the treatment of arteriosclerosis...
...chairman Bill Gates said that only one serious lawsuit had ever surfaced in his firm's history: Apple Computer's unsuccessful claim that the Microsoft Windows operating system had too closely copied from the MacIntosh. Microsoft still faces afederal probe into its proposed on-line networkand agreements covering software patent infringement...
Though Ausnit submitted the patent himself, he says he doesn't consider his patent to be on the same level as his literary classmates...