Word: pathogens
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Dates: during 2010-2019
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...take a cocktail of four drugs, all nearly half a century old, for at least six months. The logistical and financial hurdles associated with paying for and completing treatment, however, virtually guarantee noncompliance and relapse. Second, in a cascade effect, noncompliance selects for drug-resistant strains of the mutated pathogen, precipitating the rise of multi-drug resistant and extremely drug-resistant tuberculosis. Treatment for drug-resistant TB with second-line drugs is astronomically more expensive, more time-intensive, and associated with more toxic side effects. Third, the rise of TB and human immunodeficiency virus coinfection means TB is leading cause...
...inside the machine are nasty to hear," she says. "They're brutal and aggressive, and rhythmically very chaotic. But they're also musical." The lyrics on "IRM" address her attempts to exorcise her medical demons: "Leave my head demagnetized/ Tell me where the trauma lies/ In the scan of pathogen/ Or the shadow...
...believes ibalizumab is more agile than that. CD4, it turns out, is like a marina with several docks; HIV berths in one, and ibalizumab in another, leaving the cell free to fight other pathogens. "If CD4's binding site to HIV is with its nose, then this antibody is binding to the back of CD4's neck," Ho says. That means the cell's ability to function as a pathogen troller is not impaired by being coupled to ibalizumab. "There is a solid scientific rationale for what they are attempting to do," says Harvard's Walker...
Traditional vaccines work by introducing a killed or weakened version of a disease into the body, where the immune system spots it and cranks out antibodies against it. Then, if a wild strain of the pathogen comes along later - one that has the power to sicken or kill - the body is ready for it. The new approach is different. Developed by Rhoel Dinglasan, an entomologist and biologist at Johns Hopkins University Hospital, it would instead work within the mosquito gut. (See the top 10 medical breakthroughs...