Word: pattersons
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Before leaving for his office, Governor Patterson fired a parting shot: "If they attempt to integrate the schools, it will be just like last Sunday night...
...just that sort of talk that had helped land John Patterson in his present mess and had brought federal forces into his state. If he had kept his mouth shut and accepted his responsibility to maintain law and order, the Freedom Riders would probably have passed through Alabama with little incident-just as they had passed through Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. As the Freedom Riders themselves admit, segregation would have returned to Alabama before their bus was out of sight. Says a CORE lawyer: "A trip like this is like hacking your way through the jungle with...
...Instead, Patterson helped set off integrationist movements that last week were spreading throughout the South. In Florida, the N.A.A.C.P. ordered a segregation test of all rail and bus facilities. In New York, CORE headquarters announced that it was sending field secretaries to New Orleans, Jackson and Montgomery. In Nashville, more students were ready to go to Jackson, where the 27 arrested Freedom Riders were fined $200 each and given suspended sentences of 60 days. At week's end, 22 of the 27 were still in jail because they refused to ante up any money...
Alabama's Governor Patterson insisted that the activities of the Freedom Riders and the presence of armed U.S. marshals in Montgomery were shocking violations of "our law and customs." In fact, last week's federal-state conflict involved three major questions of law-and in each case the answers lay clearly on the side of the Freedom Riders and their U.S. Government guardians...
...passage, "may be used to enforce in any part of the land the full and free exercise of all national powers and the security of all rights entrusted by the Constitution to its care." Despite his hints that the marshals would be jailed if they violated state law, Governor Patterson clearly had no authority to interfere with the forces of federal intervention. By their oath of office, state and city authorities are sworn to uphold federal as well as local law. And since In Re Neagle (1890)-in which the Supreme Court overturned the murder conviction of a deputy marshal...