Word: pavloffs
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Dates: during 1920-1929
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...Pavloff's next destination was to have been the Edinburgh Congress of Physiology, which he had been officially invited to address, but the British Consulate in New York refused to visé his passport because subjects of Soviet Russia are not being admitted to the tight little island without special permission from the Foreign Office. Pavloff, being a citizen of Russia, necessarily travels under a passport granted by its government, but he is personally an anti-Bolshevik and takes no part in politics. The French consul was more of a realist, and the professor will probably land at Cherbourg...
...Pavloff is 75 years old, tall, white-haired, majestic, active. The son of a priest of the Russian Church, he studied medicine at St. Petersburg, became a military surgeon, and in 1891 was appointed director of the Physiological Institute of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, and later professor of physiology in the University of St. Petersburg. Pavloff founded a new school of physiologists, which became one of the most productive in the world, his researches dealing chiefly with the action of the heart, the secretions of the glands, and the digestive processes. Among his famous collaborators were Bechterew and Popielski...
...Pavloff's name is best known to the Western world for his classic demonstration of the neurological basis of the digestive process in dogs. A normal animal, if hungry, shows increased flow of saliva and the digestive juices at the sight or smell of food. By a simple surgical operation, Pavloff brought the duct of a dog's salivary gland to the surface of the cheek and measured the flow under stimulus of food. At regular feeding times a bell was rung, and after several repetitions it was found that the sound of the bell alone, without food...
...another brilliant experiment, following the investigations of von Bischoff and Heidenhain, Pavloff was able to produce a fistula, or tube, connecting the stomach of a dog with the surface, keeping the animal free from pain and under the most normal conditions possible. By this means he studied the flow of the gastric and pancreatic juices under varying conditions, proving that the secretions vary in quantity, rate and digestive power with the nature of the food...
...Pavloff was given the Nobel Prize for medicine in 1904 for the work embodied in his lectures delivered in 1897 on The Work of the Digestive Glands, which has been translated into German, French, English. It has been the inspiration of similar researches by Starling in England and Cannon in the United States. He has received scientific honors and decorations in practically every civilized nation...