Word: pavlov
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Sugar-Coated. The principles that underlie reinforcement therapy go back to Russia's Ivan Pavlov, whose classic experiments with salivating dogs first proved that human and animal reflexes could be conditioned. His theories were expanded by the greatest living exponent of behaviorism, Harvard Psychologist B. F. Skinner, who demonstrated that rats, pigeons and even men are influenced by the consequences that their actions have. This principle, the reinforcement therapists insist, applies also to mental patients previously thought to be beyond psychiatric help...
...most preposterous counterview of the week was expressed in Sofia, where Todor Pavlov, a member of the Bulgarian Politburo, declared that "the entry into Czechoslovakia by the fraternal Socialist armies saved the peace in Europe," and brazenly proposed that they be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for this accomplishment...
...mean comic punch. Her off-Broadway one-acter Adaptation, the first of a double bill completed by Terrence McNally's Next, makes one laugh till it hurts, partly because the ache of recognition is in every line and situation. She has the wit to see that if Pavlov's dogs salivated at the tinkle of bells signifying food, modern man is not so very different. He salivates at psychological flash cards marked Emotional Maturity, Identity Crisis, Making a Commitment, as well as at traditional cues for action such as Education, Work, Love, Marriage, Family, Success...
That easy life is now on the way out. The Soviet sports program, formerly operated by a "voluntary public organization," will soon be under direct state control. Sergei Pavlov, ex-head of the Communist Youth League, has been appointed to run a new Committee for Physical Culture and Sports. He has been made a member of the Cabinet. And his orders are blunt. Says Communist Party Chief Leonid Brezhnev: "International standards for our sports must be improved...
...Like most of my generation, I have had to try to swallow Freud, Pavlov, Marx, and Pareto, as well as the more indigestible lumps which are not books, but experience...I think I have kept to the basic belief of my youth in the rightness--do I really wish to put it as righteousness?--of human reason. You may write me down as born in the eighteenth century and yet not too umcomfortable--not at any rate schizophrenic--in the mid-twentieth...