Word: pavlov
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...everyone the option of being covered by a government-run plan similar to Medicare. To its opponents - and some of its more ardent supporters - the public plan looks like the first step toward a single-payer system like Canada's or Britain's. "Too many people are reacting like Pavlov's dog," says Senator Chris Dodd, the ranking Democrat who has been filling in on the Health Committee for the ailing Ted Kennedy. (Read "The Year in Medicine 2008: From...
What they mean is that like Pavlov's dog, trained to salivate at the sound of a bell, animals are similarly trained to anticipate lots of calories when they taste something sweet - in nature, sweet foods are usually loaded with calories. When an animal eats a saccharin-flavored food with no calories, however - disrupting the sweetness and calorie link - the animal tends to eat more and gain more weight, the new study shows. The study was even able to document at the physiological level that animals given artificial sweeteners responded differently to their food than those eating high-calorie sweetened...
...Bush Administration, such skills might seem to make her a fitting replacement for Tony Snow, who stepped down as White House press secretary on Sept. 14. But after just a month on the job, Perino--who is only the second woman to fill the post--is learning that Pavlov himself would have trouble getting positive coverage for George W. Bush at this point in his presidency...
...that plays a role in priming the dopamine-reward system when certain cues suggest imminent pleasure--anything from the sight of white powder that looks like cocaine to spending time with friends you used to drink with. It's that conditioned reflex--identical to the one that caused Ivan Pavlov's famed dog to salivate at the ringing of a bell after it learned to associate the sound with food--that unleashes a craving. And it's that phenomenon that was the purpose of my brain scans at McLean, one of the world's premier centers for addiction research...
...expert at Britain's University of Essex, "the reactionaries' interests and Gorbachev's are now in harmony." As evidence, Frank points to the composition of the new policymaking Security Council announced recently in Moscow. In addition to the President, its members are Vice President Gennadi Yanayev and Prime Minister Pavlov, both hidebound bureaucrats; Foreign Minister Alexander Bessmertnykh, a professional diplomat with little political clout; Interior Minister Boris Pugo, Defense Minister Dmitri Yazov and KGB chief Vladimir Kryuchkov, all hard-liners; and two token moderates, former Interior Minister Vadim Bakatin and Yevgeni Primakov, a Gorbachev adviser...