Word: peat
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Most important, the new rules clamp down hard on the numerous additives used in mass ice-cream making. FDA approves the continued use of such lump-preventing stabilizers as gelatin, locust-bean gum, sodium alginate, guar-seed gum and extract of Irish peat moss. But it frowns on any further use of alkaline neutralizers, e.g., baking soda, which some producers use to sweeten up sour milk and cream, make it palatable. Totally banned: certain acid emulsifiers that make ice cream smooth by breaking down the barrier between fat and water. While approving chemicals that occur naturally in food, FDA rejected...
...technicolor opus called The Quiet Man, about a red haired colleen and an ex-boxer come back to the ould sod. Now, as if in atonement for that bit of profitable fakery, Ford has given us The Rising of the Moon, a little trio of flicks full of peat, poteen and artistry...
...Godwin is a specialist in phytogeography, which means that he studies remains of ancient plants with an eye to what they tell about ancient climate and geography. His favorite haunts are peat beds, where plant material is often preserved so well that the species can be identified easily after many thousand years. Pollen grains are especially useful. Birch pollen found at a certain level of an ancient peat bed is proof that the climate was cold when the peat was formed. If the peat is dated by its carbon 14 content, the actual age of the cold period...
...thousand years ago, says Dr. Godwin, the last remnants of the Pleistocene glacier held out in the higher mountains of northern Britain. Plant remains of this date show that the country was open, arctic tundra with scattered patches of silver birch. Sea level was much lower. Peat dredged from the bottom of the North Sea shows that the southern two-thirds of its basin was filled by a chilly swamp connecting Britain with the continent, from Denmark to France...
...climate grew still warmer, it melted much bigger masses of ice in Siberia and North America. The water released raised the sea level, and the Atlantic Ocean ate its way southward over the "Doggerland" in the basin of the North Sea. By examining peat from the sea bottom, Dr. Godwin can tell the date when the salt water flowed over each...