Word: peer-reviewed
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...Sullivan, the CTA's president, said the peer-review plan was primarily a collective-bargaining issue. The unions had to become involved, he said, because peer review is a condition of employment for the teachers...
Also, over the past half-century, we have had to develop a national marketplace in personnel, and this has required the development of uniform educational standards. Everything from the peer-review system in science to the SATs and ACTs is part of an effort to find ways of comparing students and schools from all over the country. That most of these efforts aren't explicitly run by the federal Department of Education should not obscure their nationalizing effect. Few high schools would dare proclaim that they weren't going to prepare their students for the SATs. But American education...
Doubts like these were also raised by the scientific experts. In January 1994, the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory reported that the process was probably inappropriate for the kind of waste at most nuclear weapons sites. By late 1995, a technical peer-review panel said the department should cease funding Molten Metal at the end of the fiscal year. Another Energy Department panel concluded last December that Haney's technology poses environmental and safety risks and might not be cost-effective. The company disputes this, insisting its bath method is both technically sound and marketable...
Matsuguchi and Weiser accepted the Office of Research Integrity's findings of misconduct and settled their cases, agreeing not to serve on a federally financed research project or a peer-review board for three years, Bivens said...
...more than just a Westernized preference for cappuccino over tea. They also carry with them a penchant for challenging the status quo. Until recently, Asian funding agencies still doled out research money according to traditional egalitarian formulas, with little regard for quality. Now they are being pressured to establish peer-review panels staffed by scientific experts to gauge the merit of competing proposals. Automatic promotions, still typical at many academic institutions, are also coming under attack, and some brave souls have even mounted an assault on the Confucian ethos -- particularly its stultifying worship of professors and its reluctance to question...