Word: peer
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...creating Napster, Fanning not only transformed the music business, but he also helped launch a new programming movement--and a whole wave of start-ups dedicated to what has become known as P2P, or peer-to-peer, client-based Internet software. Among Napster's revolutionary qualities is that it allows computer users to exchange files directly, avoiding server bottlenecks and, Fanning once hoped, legal problems. Only Napster's index and directory reside on a central server; the files are actually transferred via various Windows protocols directly from user to user. That means that no copyrighted material is ever in Napster...
...same time, the school uses the Literacy Collaborative reading program and the Peace Games peer mediation program...
Metallica and Dr. Dre have been some of the most active musical groups in opposing Napster, whose peer-to-peer system has enabled the large-scale duplication of copyrighted music in compressed MP3 format. Many of Napster's users are students with high-speed Internet access through their universities, and Metallica and Dr. Dre have pursued perceived infringements accordingly: lawsuits filed under federal racketeering statutes against Yale, Indiana University and the University of Southern California were dropped only after those universities banned Napster access. However, those universities acted more for reasons of expediency than fear of legal sanction; a number...
...While it had become commonplace over the past four decades for Catholic clergy to refer to other denominations as "Sister Churches," Ratzinger insists that Catholicism should be recognized as the "mother" church without peer. And by extension, that others are her errant children. Indeed, Ratzinger's document insists that when the Catholic Church engages in interfaith dialogue, it only does so as "part of her evangelizing mission" in which Catholic clergy are obliged to preach to believers of other faiths that Christ is "the sole redeemer." That sentiment may be consistent with Catholic doctrine, but it's hardly surprising that...
...major objective of these efforts is to encourage bystanders to speak out. "If you target one kid, you're missing the point," says Espelage. "So much enabling is given by bystanders who remain passive." Espelage also suggests eliciting the support of peer-group leaders. "If they take a stand," she says, "the rest will fall in behind. They have leadership skills that could be rechanneled." Evidence of this comes from another study presented at the A.P.A. conference last week, which found, perhaps not surprisingly, that some of our best Presidents, including F.D.R., were not above "bullying and manipulating" if necessary...