Word: peered
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...their findings in medical journals, like the New England Journal of Medicine or the Journal of the American Medical Association. Supporters insist that this approach helps ensure credibility by allowing time to weed out sloppy science. Editors send submitted papers to outside scientists for comment, a system known as peer review. But the process can be lengthy. Between the time a paper is first offered and its publication, months or even more than a year can pass. Critics charge that such lapses can cause critical delays in the application of new treatments and may even cost patients their lives. They...
Defenders of the publish-first route maintain that the peer-review system, introduced in England in 1665, is a crucial quality-control mechanism. "It avoids mistakes," declares Dr. Arnold Relman, editor of the N.E.J.M. "It minimizes the hype, exaggeration and biases and prevents the dissemination of premature and unwarranted conclusions. Short-circuiting that process is not a good idea...
...fact, Room 13, Harvard's oldest peer counseling organization, was founded in 1970 in response to similar anxieties and fears on the part of students during the Vietnam War. Now, says counselor David R. Goldner '91, the group has returned to its roots...
...preparation for questions about the draft and conscientious objection, Room 13 peer counselors have been busy seeking out information and literature on war, Goldner says...
...extent of the sedition that actually took place is unclear, but the firm hand of repression was used as a club time and again to ensure unanimous support for the military. The trend started as mere peer pressure. When Republican Senator George W. Norris of Nebraska argued on the Senate floor that American involvement in the conflict would only benefit commercial interests ("I feel that we are about to put the dollar sign on the American flag"), the chamber echoed with cries of "Treason! Treason...