Word: peering
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...used in research laboratories, the bill will not affect the root of the problem--the continued funding of repetitive and often unnecessary experiments by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and other funding institutions. Harvard, which receives over $40 million from NIH annually, relies almost exclusively on NIH's peer review committee (comprised solely of researchers) to screen out repetitive research proposals. In sharp contrast to experiments involving human subjects, where Harvard considers all possible risks to the subject, Dr. Hunt and Harvard's Animal Care Committee merely check to see if proper anaesthesia will be used and if there...
Hunt argues the NIH peer review system is the best possible mechanism to prevent repetitive and unnecessary experiments. However, in recent years, there has been growing belief within the scientific community that scientists can no longer justify their monopoly on decisions pertaining to the scientific community...
Scientists can not automatically assume the members of the peer review committee will be aware of all the work being done in their field and will thus be able to prevent repetitive experiments, Barbara Orlans, President of the Scientists' Center for Animal Welfare and executive secretary of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Advisory Council at NIH, says. "It takes a long time for scientific knowledge to disseminate," she explains. "Very often scientists arrive at the same answer working at different ends of the country. And then, of course, the experiment has to be repeated and validated before it will...
When the skaters warmed up for the 10,000-meter race that would be Heiden's chance for a fifth gold medal, the arena was jammed with spectators. Along Main Street, fans who had not been able to get tickets climbed homemade ladders in order to peer over the fencing. Heiden stayed in perfect form. "He's not a beauty skater, he's a strength skater," says Leah Poulos Mueller, an American speed skater who won silvers in the women's 500- and 1,000-meter races. Yet in the end Heiden's strength...
...before the articles are published in the Journal. This restriction applies even when the results have first been presented at medical meetings open to the general press. Relman argues that such a policy avoids misleading stories based on fragmentary and often preliminary data. Says he: "Until work has had peer review and has been published in full in a professional journal, it is half-baked." He insists that the policy also permits doctors to learn about new developments before their patients do and thereby be in a better position to answer anxious inquiries. But Relman admits that the rule...