Word: peering
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...noted British biologist Richard Dawkins, professor of the public understanding of science at Oxford University, whose most recent book about evolution is The Ancestor's Tale. He and other scientists say advocates of intelligent design do not play by the rules of science. They do not publish papers in peer-reviewed journals, and their hypothesis cannot be tested by research and the study of evidence. Indeed, Behe concedes, "You can't prove intelligent design by an experiment." Dawkins compares the idea of teaching intelligent-design theory with teaching flat earthism-- perfectly fine in a history class but not in science...
Snocap's challenge is to help music providers offer file swapping without the viruses prevalent on illegal sites, so customers would pay. Compared with online music stores, peer-to-peer services still attract the most users--by some accounts, 60 million people in the U.S. "That's about the number who voted for George Bush!" said Sam Yagan, president of MetaMachine Inc., the company behind eDonkey, a free peer-to-peer site...
Physicians fear being sued by patients, a well- known fact, but many also worry about being targeted by fellow doctors through the process of peer review. Allegations of poor care or other serious complaints against a doctor go to a panel, consisting mainly of physicians, that decides in secret whether the accused has done wrong. That system is too open to manipulation and needs reform, says the 4,000-member American Association of Physicians and Surgeons. The Semmelweis Society agrees; its 85 members are mostly doctors who claim to be victims of "malicious peer review," in which the process...
Dallas cardiologist Lawrence Poliner says his case shows how peer review can be abused. Last August a jury awarded him damages of $366 million from Presbyterian Hospital of Dallas and three colleagues who trumped up charges of substandard care against him to eliminate him as a competitor. Says Poliner: "It's unfathomable that a process that should be about healing could be used to attack doctors." Obstetrician John Raviotta, after reporting to state authorities dangerous obstetrics policies at the Community Memorial Health Center in South Hill, Va., lost privileges there as a result of a peer review that included doctors...
...even critics of peer review want to abandon it. "Peer review is the process by which we say, What went wrong?" says orthopedic surgeon S. Jay Jayasankar, who helped devise the Massachusetts Medical Society's guidelines, which call for a ban on competitors of a doctor reviewing his case and on the common practice of registering confidential accusations in disciplinary proceedings. "There must be more openness," he says...