Word: peering
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...Professor of Environmental Science Frank E. Speizer noted that there are “some precedents” for compensating for negative impacts on public health, but that the report must first undergo a peer-review process before any public policy can be derived from its conclusions...
...This is a preliminary report that has not been peer reviewed. It’s just an internal report at the School of Public Health,” said Speizer, who also holds appointments at Harvard Medical School and at Brigham and Women’s Hospital. “Until it gets peer reviewed, it’s hard to get real policy...
...peer-court concept dates back to 1947 in Mansfield, Ohio, where kids handled neighborhood trials for young bicycle snatchers. The modern youth court started to take shape in the early 1970s, when a few cities experimented with a more formal kind of peer justice. In recent years, the movement has gained momentum, cheered on by police departments and local governments eager for justice that works and does so cost effectively. An entire youth-court trial typically takes less than an hour, including deliberations. Nationally, the program's average cost per case is about $480, according to an American Youth Policy...
Youth courts devote attention to infractions that busy juvenile and family courts tend to handle perfunctorily. "Referring kids [to peer courts] lets us do more than just slap them on the wrist," says Patrice Lockart, a victim specialist with the Colonie police department. The experience is also more attuned to teenagers' moral development, conveying not just that there are consequences for their behavior but also that society cares about them...
...principal idea is that individuals face a two-audience signaling quandary: signals that beget labor market success are signals that induce peer rejection,” the wrote in the report...