Word: penal
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...other issue is that of reconciliation with the Aborigines. Australia was unusual in that when European occupied the continent in the wake of the founding of the penal colony of New South Wales in 1788, it was regarded, in legal terms, as being "terra nullius," that is to say, uninhabited. Thus the Aborigines were not deemed to have any claims to native land title, nor was there felt to be any need, as in North America and New Zealand, to negotiate treaties with the native inhabitants. Legally, Aborigines were invisible; dispossession could proceed without even the formalities of legal process...
Even after his years in a brutal South African penal system, the now gray and increasingly grandfatherly Mandela was endearing. We were glad to see that he had lost none of the sharp wit which we had come to expect after the famed Rivonia Trials which resulted in his life-sentence. Some of Mandela's statements during his American tour, however, were less endearing than others...
...successfully returned to China during the '90s on three occasions for investigations of the penal system. He worked with news organizations, including the BBC and "60 Minutes," before he was finally detained at China's western border with Kazakhstan in 1995 while attempting to make his fourth return trip...
...founded the "Laogai foundation" and published a book on the injustices and cruelty of China's penal system titled: Laogai: the Chinese Gulag--the first of several works on the subject...
...year he takes the parents of his pupils on a field trip to local attractions. One year it was to Greensville Correctional Center in Jarratt. "We got the chance to see the electric chair," he says. There have been visits to a prison in Chesapeake and a women's penal institution in Goochland. Two months ago, it was a walk through Death Row at Mecklenburg Correctional Center...