Word: penal
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...Penal Collar. Solomon is equally perceptive about China's preoccupation with the printed word. He traces its cultural continuity from the Confucian classics to the thoughts of Chairman Mao. An ancient government bureaucrat advanced by studying the classics. Today his ambitious counterpart must master Marxism as the primary qualification for success in virtually any field...
...determines maleness-but little else, although it is widely believed that masculinity includes aggressive tendencies. Nature sometimes slips the conceptus an extra Y to produce an XYY male, almost certain to be well above average height. Because a disproportionately high number of XYYs were found in penal institutions, studies beginning in the 1960s suggested that they may be prone to aggressive criminality. It has taken a decade and a large-scale study by twelve Danish and American experts to refine that simplistic theory. The researchers report in Science that they tracked down males born in Copenhagen during four years...
...collectors. They can enter houses without court order, inspect bank records, even survey private medical records. The Bergman case prompted Author Kjell Sundberg to declare angrily, "The way society treated Bergman is the way ordinary people are daily treated by the tax authorities, the judicial system, the penal system, the schools...
...those who advocate hard-boiled treatment of repeat offenders, Butner's showcase experiment must seem like the scheme of a coddling egghead. Which is close to the mark. Mindful of the general dissatisfaction with the U.S. penal system and what it was achieving, Federal Bureau of Prisons Director Norman Carlson decided in 1972 that Butner, then in the planning stage, would be designed for new rehabilitation techniques. After bitter criticism scuttled early ideas of using transactional analysis and behavior modification, Carlson turned to the theories of Norval Morris, 52, a New Zealand-born criminal-law professor (and now dean...
...prison on time" is the latest refrain in California's twelve penal institutions. Since last October, when the California state legislature passed a statute restoring numerous civil rights to felons, including the right to marry, the wedding bells have been ringing loudly. In the last quarter of 1975, some 177 prisoners, or about 1% of state inmates, tied the knot. Slammer marriage ceremonies, usually per formed by prison chaplains or county officials, are maintaining roughly this same pace in the early months of 1976. Weddings are open to all prisoners, even the "lifers...