Word: penality
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...Commons, Heath firmly stood by the Industrial Relations Act. Some Laborites tried to canonize the Pentonville Five by comparing them to the Tolpuddle Martyrs-six laborers who were sent to a penal colony in 1834 for organizing a trade union. Labor Party Chief Harold Wilson, who led the attack on Heath in Commons, scourged Tory labor policy as "inept and malevolent." He ignored the fact that as Prime Minister in 1969 he had not only pressed unsuccessfully for similar reforms but also called them "essential...
...late 18th century, Australia was a British penal colony. Nowadays, to hear Singapore's Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew tell it, the place is not a bad reform school. Lee has been dealing with budding campus revolutionaries in his tight little island nation by packing them off with scholarships to universities in affluent industrial democracies like Australia. "What you want to do is disperse them and open them up to new ideas," Lee says enthusiastically. Results? "They've come back fairly middle class and comfortable, although still armchair critics...
Surveillance of a parolee is a fundamental penal concept, but it is questionable whether the implantation of a 1984 device would help keep a 1972 ex-prisoner under control...
...sentence for reasons of health. After doctors testified that he was in danger of losing his eyesight, the judges granted an eight-month remission of the prison term. Mangakis, after all, was no ordinary convict: a German-educated Greek university professor, he is regarded as a world authority on penal...
...Protestant faith. Much of Ireland's history since then has been a record of bloodshed and trouble. Some milestones: 1690. King James II of England, a Catholic convert, was defeated at the Battle of the Boyne by his Calvinist successor, William of Orange. In succeeding years, the Penal Laws further restricted the Catholics' right to education, administrative posts and land ownership...