Word: penge
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...China, but there is evidence of dissatisfaction at the top and bottom of the army. Among the generals, those having a guerrilla mentality conflict with the professionals, who argue that to obtain the supplies needed by a modern army, China must cooperate closely with the Soviet Union. Defense Minister Peng Teh-huai, leading spokesman for the professionals, was dismissed from his post in 1959, but remains a member...
...important factional disputes within the top ranks of the Chinese Communist Party. Khrushchev was accused of openly voicing support for "antiparty elements" in China. Western experts believe the Chinese "elements" Khrushchev was supporting were military men who opposed the growing Sino-Soviet split, most likely former Defense Minister Peng Teh-huai and his Deputy, Huang Ke-cheng. Khrushchev is additionally charged with trying to sell Peking on a "two Chinas" plan as a means of settling Mao's quarrel with Generalissimo Chiang Kaishek...
...tough old soldier who defected from the Kuomintang and fought alongside Mao Tse-tung during the famed Long March in the '30s, Peng was the leader of the conservative faction of the Chinese politburo. While on a trip to Albania in May 1959, he secretly told Nikita Khrushchev of his strong opposition to Mao's agricultural commune system. With Khrushchev's encouragement, Peng returned to China and denounced Mao's Great Leap Forward as "petty bourgeois fanaticism." At a meeting of the Chinese Communist Party's Central Committee in August 1959, Peng said that...
Retribution was quick. Peng was arrested in a purge of "right-wing opportunists," charged with failing "to pass the bourgeois-democratic stage of the revolution" (meaning that he had never been a real Communist at all). As a former member of the Kuomintang, he was accused of joining the Communist Party only out of opportunism. Condemned to a period of intensive reindoctrination, Peng recanted, asked for the opportunity to rehabilitate himself by working as an ordinary peasant. Mao benevolently excused him from manual labor, exiled him to obscurity as a superintendent of a commune...
...lenient toward Peng, he remained furious at Khrushchev and his furtive interference in China's internal affairs. Mao, according to the China Quarterly version, demanded an apology; Khrushchev refused. At the Bucharest Communist conference in June 1960, Khrushchev lashed out instead at the Chinese for "persecuting" any comrades who had contacts with the Soviet Union. All this aggravated the basic difference between Khrushchev's "coexistence" line as against Mao's rigidly revolutionary policy, and helped bring the fight into the open...