Word: pennsylvania
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...plan, known as the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, has been worked out largely by John Dickinson, 43, the London-trained lawyer best known for his anti-Town-shend-taxes "Letters of a Pennsylvania Farmer." Though an opponent of American independence, the Pennsylvania conservative soon became the dominant influence on the 13-man drafting committee, which included hardly any radicals other than Samuel Adams of Massachusetts. The document therefore reflects the conservatives' basic desire to organize the 13 disparate colonies under a united national government that would assume the authority once held by London...
...shipbuilders, using cheap lumber from nearby forests, can turn out high-quality ships for 20 percent to 50 percent less than their European competitors. As a result, almost one-third of the 7,700 vessels in Britain's merchant fleet were made in the Colonies. American ironmakers, centered in Pennsylvania, New York and New Jersey, have also proved that they are as good as any in the world. Already, America produces one-seventh of the world's crude iron (30,000 tons last year). The ironmakers, like other American workmen, get wages two and three times as high as those...
...Philadelphia, the price of beef has exploded-up 114 percent in only three months, from ?3 10 shillings to ?7 10 shillings in Pennsylvania currency per barrel. New Yorkers are buying refined sugar at exactly double the cost of three months ago (1 shilling 3 pence, v. 2 shillings 6 pence per pound). And tavern keepers throughout the Colonies are bitterly protesting the intoxicated prices of West Indian rum, now running as much as 110 percent higher than last whiter. Even the humble pin is no longer humble in cost. A woman in Braintree, Massachusetts, complains: "The cry for pins...
European cities with similar problems have tried for years to build water systems powered by horses, paddle wheels or even windmills, but they have usually proved inadequate. Boston and Philadelphia still depend on a random collection of pumps and wells, and only the small Moravian settlement of Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, can boast an efficient system, which pumps spring water to a hilltop reservoir and then uses gravity to pipe it down through the town...
...awkward spot, since their English-led clergy is tied by oath to the Crown. Their Toryism runs strong in the new Methodist movement and in the New England cities, less so in the Middle Colonies. Anglicans in the south generally favor independence. FRIENDS (307). The "Quakers," powerful in Pennsylvania, oppose all wars, including the Revolution. Their January meeting insisted on obedience to the King. Patriots distrust their pacifism but so far have done little against them. LUTHERANS (240). Located mostly in the Middle Colonies, these Germans, like Peter Muhlenberg, generally want to split from England...