Word: penologist
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...this usually amounts to what Penologist Howard Gill calls "birdshot penology." All the bands, baseball, radios and rodeos cannot gloss the fact that real rehabilitation is rare. Caging still outranks curing; short funds dilute short-stay effectiveness. And prison job-training is a scandal. Federal prisons do well; yet only 17% of released federal inmates find jobs related to their prison work. Most state prisoners get no usable training because business and unions have rammed through laws preventing competition by prison industries. At least one-third of all inmates simply keep the prison clean-or do nothing...
...North Carolina courageously put young felons into an open prison camp staffed entirely by group-therapy veterans-recently paroled California convicts. It worked, until the legislature nervously stopped the money. (The head parolee later became a professional penologist.) Several states profitably rely on Author Bill Sands (My Shadow Ran Fast), a reformed California armed robber, whose Seven Step Foundation sends ex-convicts into prisons to counsel inmates and runs "freedom houses" to help re-leasees. Of 5,000 Seventh Step graduates so far, only 10% have returned to prison. An ex-New York prisoner named Hiawatha Burris has carved...
...everything had. One day after a legislative committee issued a scathing report on conditions in the penitentiary, the warden shot himself. The state director of corrections left soon after, to be succeeded by Fred Wilkinson, 59, former deputy director of the federal Bureau of Prisons and the first professional penologist ever to run the sprawling (seven institutions, 3,476 inmates) Missouri system...
...move which astounded even members of his own party, Governor Volpe announced hat he would not reappoint George McGrath as Commissioner of Correction, despite Volpe's statements on at least six occasions that McGrath had done a good job. With rare unanimity, the virtually, every newspaper, prison superintendent, and penologist in and out of Massachusetts...
Last week, Bennett, who may be the best penologist in U.S. history, retired from a career that he began in 1927 as an obscure Government efficiency expert investigating federal prisons. What he found was 19 scandal-tainted Siberias jammed with idle, desperate cons and untrained, underpaid guards. Bennett's reports led in 1930 to creation of the Justice Department's Bureau of Prisons, which he took over in 1937. A measure of his devotion is eight pioneering federal penal laws with which he has been associated, including the 1964 Criminal Justice Act financing legal aid for federal defendants...