Word: penologist
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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Abusive Practice. Characteristically, Miss Mitford weakens her case by sardonic excesses. She is capable of snapping that a man with a dicebox might grant and deny paroles as fairly as most boards. If she has met in her travels an idealistic or even an effective penologist, she neglects to report the fact. "That 'prisons are a failure' is a cliche dating from the origin of prison," she writes, and briskly concludes that it is long past time for Americans to abolish their costly, cruel, and in fact morally corrupting penal communities. But when it comes to specific alternatives...
Died. Sanford Bates, 88, reform-minded penologist who presided over the massive expansion of the federal prison system during the Hoover and Roosevelt administrations; in Trenton, N.J. A lawyer, Bates was named head of Massachusetts' correctional institutions in 1919, and introduced such innovations as a merit pay system and partial self-government for inmates. When Congress set up the U.S. Bureau of Prisons in 1930, Bates was appointed its first director. He later created model, much-imitated parole systems for New York and New Jersey...
...nation's leading prison officials met in Cincinnati and carved 22 principles that became the bible of their craft. "Reformation," they declared, "not vindictive suffering, should be the purpose of the penal treatment of prisoners." Today, every warden in the U.S. endorses the ideal of rehabilitation. Every penologist extols "individualized treatment" to cure each inmate's hangups and return society's misfits to crime-free lives. But the rhetoric is so far from reality that perhaps 40% of all released inmates (75% in some areas) are reimprisoned within five years, often for worse crimes. Says Rod Beaty, 33, who began...
...Sonny finally got lucky. For the first time, he was sent to one of California's most liberal penitentiaries, the California Correctional Institution at Tehachapi. The prison's superintendent is G.P. Lloyd, a penologist whose philosophy is "I trust everybody until they show me different." Lloyd got to talking with Sonny about music. In April of 1967 he let Sonny start a prison band and chorus. Sonny called the group the Fallen Sparrows, and Lloyd decided it should be allowed to travel the state and perform...