Word: pensions
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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...little conservative. Last week Justice Owen Josephus Roberts proved that he was born on the borderline. Having voted on the gold clause cases with the Supreme Court Liberals (TIME, Feb. 25), last week he voted with the Conservatives. Result: a 5-to-4 decision declaring the Railway Pension Law, first "social security" act of the New Deal, unconstitutional...
...railway pension act, passed ten months ago, required railroads to pension their retiring employes. Franklin Roosevelt, who made it law, was its first critic, remarking as he signed it that it was crudely drawn. Second critics were railroads who contested it in court. Third critic was a lower court which held it unconstitutional. When five Supreme Court Justices became its final critics, few people were surprised...
Justice Roberts not only voted against it but wrote the majority opinion. He ruled that the act would have taken property from the railroads without due process of law because it arbitrarily pooled the pension liabilities of different roads. More important, he ruled that pensioning railway employes had nothing to do with regulating interstate commerce. Said he: "It is an attempt for social ends to impose by sheer fiat non-contractual incidents upon the relation of employer and employe, not as a rule or regulation of commerce and transportation between the states but as a means of assuring a particular...
...enacted by the Senate and the House of Representatives . . . that in view of the generous benefits accorded by the Government to veterans of the World War . . . it is hereby expressly declared to be the policy of Congress that there should not be any general pension laws enacted for the veterans of the World War or their dependents...
...conditioned reflex in dogs. Only Nobelist in the sciences Russia has had for three decades, old Dr. Pavlov does as he pleases, can bark with impunity: "I deplore the destruction of cultural values by illiterate Communists" A government of Communists gently pooh-poohs him, hands him an institute, a pension, endowments...